LETTERATURA SPECIFICA

In questo spazio vengono riportati riferimenti bibliografici relativi alle terapie rigenerative, con eventuali commenti da parte dei curatori del sito su eventuali aspetti importanti trattati all’interno dell’articolo.

Vilar JM1, Morales M, Santana A, Spinella G, Rubio M, Cuervo B, Cugat R, Carrillo JM.

BMC Vet Res. 2013 Jul 2;9:131. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-131.

Abstract
Background:
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy in regenerative medicine is a rapidly growing area of research and is currently also being used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Force platform analysis has been consistently used to verify the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA in dogs, but never with AD-MSC.The aim of this study was to use a force platform to measure the efficacy of intraarticular ADMSC administration for limb function improvement in dogs with severe OA.
Results:
Eight lame dogs with severe hip OA and a control group of 5 sound dogs were used for this study. Results were statistically analyzed to detect a significant increase in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in treated dogs. Mean values of PVF and VI were significantly improved after treatment of the OA groups, reaching 53.02% and 14.84% of body weight, respectively, at day 180, compared with only 43.56% and 12.16% at day 0.
Conclusion:
This study objectively demonstrated that intraarticular ADMSC therapy resulted in reduced lameness due to OA.

Del Bue M

Praxis Veterinaria. 2013, vol XXIV, 2/2013, 7-12

Abstract
Le Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali (MSC, Mesenchymal Stem cells) adulte definite preferibilmente Cellule Stromali Multipotenti (MSC), sono un gruppo di cellule fenotipicamente molto simili ai fibroblasti che presentano con capacità replicativa e differenziativa di vario grado.Le conoscenze sulle attività di queste cellule sono progredite negli ultimi tempi, ma la loro capacità terapeutica non può essere ancora annoverata nell’ambito della medicina dell’evidenza, perché non supportata da numeri sufficienti.
In questa prima parte dell’articolo è trattata sinteticamente l’attività biologica delle MSCs e del Plasma Ricco di Piastrine (PRP= Platelet Rich Plasma).

Tambella AM1, Attili AR, Dini F, Palumbo Piccionello A, Vullo C, Serri E, Scrollavezza P, Dupré G.

Vet Surg. 2014 Aug;43(6):726-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12148.x. Epub 2014 Jan 31.

Abstract
Objective:
To determine the efficacy of topical application of the autologous platelet gel (PG) in canine chronic protracted decubital ulcers.
Study design:
Prospective, randomized, blind controlled clinical trial.
Animals:
Dogs (n = 18) with bilateral chronic wounds caused by protracted decubitus ulcers.
Methods:
For each dog, wound side was randomized to receive either platelet gel (group PG) every 5 days for 5 dressing changes, or paraffin gauzes dressings (group C), as negative control. Wound healing and wound surfaces were compared at admission and then evaluated every 5th day, until day 25. Outcome variables were: open wound area, reduction of open wound surface compared to admission and to each preceding dressing change, time to complete epithelialization.
Results:
Significant differences in healing process were observed at day 5 and continued throughout the entire study period (P < .00001). At 25 days, mean percent reduction in wound area was 93.5% in group PG and 13.2% in group C (P < .00001). Conclusions:
Appropriately prepared autologous PG, an inexpensive, readily available blood derivative, applied topically results in more rapid healing of chronic non-healing decubital ulcers in dogs than those treated by use of paraffin-impregnated gauzes.

Del Bue M1, Riccò S, Conti V, Merli E, Ramoni R, Grolli S.

Vet Res Commun. 2007 Aug;31 Suppl 1:289-92.

Del Bue M1, Riccò S, Ramoni R, Conti V, Gnudi G, Grolli S.

Vet Res Commun. 2008 Sep;32 Suppl 1:S51-5. doi: 10.1007/s11259-008-9093-3

Abstract
Equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are of particular interest both for basic research and for the therapeutic approach to musculoskeletal diseases in the horse. Their multilineage differentiation potential gives them the capability to contribute to the repair of tendon, ligament and bone damage. MSCs are also considered a promising therapeutic aid in allogeneic cell transplantation, since they show low immunogenicity and immunomodulating functions.Adipose tissue-derived adult equine stem cells (AdMSC) can be isolated, expanded in vitro and then inoculated into the damaged tissue, eventually in the presence of a biological scaffold. Here we report our preliminary experience with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in allogeneic cell-therapy of tendonitis in the horse. MSCs, derived from visceral adipose tissue, were grown in the presence of autologous platelet lysate and characterized for their differentiation and growth potential. Expanded AdMSC were inoculated into the damaged tendon after their dispersion in activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a biological scaffold that plays an important role in maintaining cells in defect sites and contributes to tissue healing. Fourteen out of sixteen treated horses showed a functional recovery and were able to return to their normal activity.

Yongsun Kim, Sung-ho Jo, Wan Hee Kim and Oh-Kyeong Kweon

Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2015) 6:229

Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells can potentially be used in therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) has been used as a scavenging agent in acute SCI treatment, but its use no longer recommended. This study aimed to identify ways to reduce the usage and risk of high doses of
glucocorticoid steroids, and determine whether AD-MSCs could be used as an early alternative treatment modality for acute SCI.
Methods: Sixteen adult beagle dogs with SCI were assigned to four treatment groups: control, MPSS, AD-MSCs,
and AD-MSCs + MPSS. Additionally, one dog was used to evaluate the distribution of AD-MSCs in the body after
injection. AD-MSCs (1 × 107 cells) were injected intravenously once a day for 3 days beginning at 6 hours post-SCI. MPSS was also injected intravenously according to the standard protocol for acute SCI. A revised Tarlov scale was used to evaluate hindlimb functional recovery. The levels of markers for oxidative metabolism (3-nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl) and inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were also measured.
Results: At 7 days post-treatment, hindlimb movement had improved in the AD-MSCs and AD-MSCs + MPSS
groups; however, subjects in the groups treated with MPSS exhibited gastrointestinal hemorrhages. Hematoxylin
and eosin staining revealed fewer hemorrhages and lesser microglial infiltration in the AD-MSCs group. The green fluorescent protein-expressing AD-MSCs were clearly detected in the lung, spleen, and injured spinal cord; however, these cells were not detected in the liver and un-injured spinal cord. Levels of 3-nitrotyrosine were decreased in the MPSS and AD-MSCs + MPSS groups; 4-hydroxynenonal and cyclooxygenase-2 levels were decreased in all treatment groups; and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator transcription 3 levels were decreased in the AD-MSCs and AD-MSCs + MPSS groups.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that early intravenous injection of AD-MSCs after acute SCI may prevent further
damage through enhancement of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, without inducing adverse
effects. Additionally, this treatment could also be used as an alternative intravenous treatment modality for acute SCI.